🌋 Part 1: Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the name for molten rock beneath the Earth's surface?

Lava

Magma

Basalt

Granite

2. Which scale is used to measure earthquake magnitude?

Beaufort Scale

Richter Scale

Celsius Scale

Mercalli Scale

3. What type of plate boundary is most likely to produce explosive volcanic eruptions?

Divergent boundary

Convergent boundary

Transform boundary

Hotspot

4. Which of the following are natural hazards? (Select all that apply)

Earthquakes

Volcanic eruptions

Tsunamis

Car accidents

5. What is the point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus called?

Epicentre

Hypocentre

Fault line

Seismic zone

📝 Part 2: Short Answer Questions

6. Explain the difference between magma and lava.

7. Name three types of volcanic hazards and briefly describe each one.

8. Fill in the blanks: The __________ is the underground point where an earthquake begins, while the __________ is the point on the surface directly above it.

9. Describe two ways that people can prepare for earthquakes in New Zealand.

🗺️ Part 3: Applied Knowledge

10. Why is New Zealand particularly prone to earthquakes and volcanic activity?

11. A volcano erupts and produces a pyroclastic flow. Explain what this is and why it is dangerous.

12. If you felt an earthquake while at school, list three safety actions you should take immediately.

📋 ANSWER SHEET

Part 1: Multiple Choice Answers

1. Magma - Molten rock beneath Earth's surface is called magma

2. Richter Scale - The Richter Scale measures earthquake magnitude

3. Convergent boundary - Where plates collide, creating explosive eruptions

4. Earthquakes, Volcanic eruptions, Tsunamis - All are natural hazards (car accidents are human-caused)

5. Epicentre - The surface point directly above the earthquake focus

Part 2: Short Answer Responses

6. Magma is molten rock beneath the Earth's surface, while lava is magma that has reached the surface during a volcanic eruption.

7. Three volcanic hazards:

• Pyroclastic flows - fast-moving hot gas and rock debris

• Lava flows - streams of molten rock that destroy everything in their path

• Volcanic ash - fine particles that can damage lungs and disrupt transport

8. The focus (or hypocentre) is the underground point where an earthquake begins, while the epicentre is the point on the surface directly above it.

9. Two earthquake preparation methods:

• Secure heavy furniture and objects that could fall

• Create an emergency kit with water, food, and first aid supplies

Part 3: Applied Knowledge Responses

10. New Zealand sits on the boundary between the Pacific and Australian tectonic plates, making it part of the "Ring of Fire." This location causes frequent plate movement, resulting in earthquakes and volcanic activity.

11. A pyroclastic flow is a fast-moving current of hot gas, ash, and volcanic rock that flows down volcano slopes. It's dangerous because it moves extremely fast (up to 700 km/h), reaches temperatures of 1000°C, and destroys everything in its path.

12. Three immediate earthquake safety actions:

• Drop to hands and knees

• Take cover under a desk or table

• Hold on to your shelter and protect your head and neck