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Medieval Warfare and Castles

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Medieval Warfare and Castles

Medieval castle and knights illustration

⚔️ Part 1: The Norman Invasion and Medieval Warfare

1. In which year did the Norman Invasion of England take place?

1066

1056

1076

1086

2. Who led the Norman forces during the invasion?

Harold Godwinson

William the Conqueror

Edward the Confessor

Richard the Lionheart

3. Which of the following were key features of Norman military tactics? (Select all that apply)

Heavy cavalry charges

Feigned retreats

Crossbow units

Shield walls

4. The famous battle that decided the Norman conquest was called the Battle of ______________.
5. Explain why the Norman victory was significant for English history.

🏰 Part 2: Castle Development and Defence

6. What type of early fortification did the Normans first build in England?

Stone keep castles

Motte and bailey castles

Concentric castles

Hill forts

7. Which castle features became more advanced during the medieval period? (Select all that apply)

Murder holes

Portcullis gates

Arrow loops

Moats

8. A ______________ was the artificial mound on which the main tower was built, whilst the ______________ was the enclosed courtyard area.
9. Describe three defensive features of a medieval castle and explain how each helped protect against attackers.

🛡️ Part 3: Siege Warfare and Technology

10. Which siege weapon was used to hurl large stones at castle walls?

Battering ram

Trebuchet

Crossbow

Siege ladder

11. Explain why castles became less effective as military fortifications by the end of the medieval period.
12. Draw and label a simple diagram of a motte and bailey castle, showing at least 4 key features.

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