💧 Part 1: Water Cycle Process Definitions

1. Match each water cycle process to its correct definition by drawing lines:

Evaporation

Transpiration

Condensation

Interception

Ablation

Water vapour released by plants

Melting or evaporation of snow and ice

Heat-driven phase change from liquid to gas

Precipitation caught by vegetation

Vapour cooling to form clouds

2. Which of the following are types of precipitation? (Tick all that apply)

Rain

Snow

Evaporation

Hail

Sleet

Infiltration

3. What causes precipitation to form?

High temperature and low air saturation

Low temperature and high air saturation

High temperature and high air saturation

Low temperature and low air saturation

🏔️ Part 2: Catchment Hydrology

4. Fill in the blanks using the words below:

Words: infiltration, percolation, throughflow, groundwater, runoff

When precipitation reaches the ground, _____________ is the process of water being absorbed into the soil. Water then moves downward through soil layers by _____________. Some water moves laterally through the soil as _____________, while other water reaches underground stores as _____________ flow. Water that cannot be absorbed becomes _____________ and flows over the land surface.

5. Explain how the water cycle processes interact during a flood event in a UK river catchment:

6. Draw and label a simple diagram showing water movement in a catchment area. Include at least 5 different water cycle processes:

🌍 Part 3: Application and Analysis

7. How do cryospheric processes influence seasonal hydrological changes?

8. A farmer notices that after heavy rainfall, water runs off their field very quickly rather than soaking into the soil. Suggest three factors that could cause this and explain how they affect infiltration:

9. Explain in two sentences how catchment hydrology influences flood frequency: