DNA: Building Blocks of Life

DNA: Building Blocks of Life

Year 10 Biology Understanding the Molecular Basis of Life New Zealand Curriculum

WALT: We Are Learning To

Explain what DNA is and why it's important Describe the structure of DNA Identify the four nucleotide bases Understand complementary base pairing rules Recognize DNA's role in heredity

Success Criteria

I can define DNA and explain its importance I can draw and label the DNA double helix structure I can name all four nucleotide bases I can apply base pairing rules correctly I can explain how DNA carries genetic information

What do you already know about DNA?

Think about what you've heard in movies, TV shows, or previous science classes Share with a partner What questions do you have?

What is DNA?

DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid The instruction manual for all living things Contains genetic information passed from parents to offspring Found in the nucleus of every cell Determines your traits and characteristics

DNA Discovery Timeline

Where is DNA Found?

In the nucleus of every cell Packaged into structures called chromosomes Humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) Also found in mitochondria (small amounts) Every cell contains the same DNA

DNA Location Activity

Work in pairs Draw a cell and label where DNA is found List 3 different types of cells that contain DNA Discuss: Why do you think every cell needs the same DNA?

The Structure of DNA

Double helix shape - like a twisted ladder Two strands wound around each other Made up of smaller units called nucleotides The 'rungs' of the ladder are base pairs The 'sides' are sugar-phosphate backbones

DNA Structure Components

{"left":"Sugar-phosphate backbone\nProvides structural support\nForms the 'sides' of the DNA ladder\nNucleotide bases","right":"Form the 'rungs' of the ladder\nCarry the genetic information\nConnect via hydrogen bonds"}

What Makes Up DNA? - Nucleotides

Each nucleotide has three parts: 1. Phosphate group 2. Sugar (deoxyribose) 3. Nitrogenous base DNA is made of millions of these nucleotides linked together

The Four DNA Bases

Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) These four letters make up the genetic code Different sequences create different instructions