South Africa's Fight for Civil Rights
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South Africa's Fight for Civil Rights
The Struggle Against Apartheid From Oppression to Freedom Year 10 History
What was Apartheid?
System of racial segregation (1948-1994) Laws separated people by race White minority ruled over Black majority Restricted where people could live, work, and go to school
Timeline: Key Apartheid Laws
Life Under Apartheid
Black South Africans forced to carry 'pass books' Families separated by homeland policies Inferior education and healthcare No voting rights for non-whites
Early Resistance: The ANC
African National Congress founded in 1912 Initially used peaceful protests Organized boycotts and strikes Leaders included Oliver Tambo and Walter Sisulu
Nelson Mandela: Early Life
Born in rural Transkei in 1918 Studied law at University of Witwatersrand Joined ANC in 1944 Co-founded ANC Youth League
Primary Source Analysis
Read excerpts from the Freedom Charter (1955) Identify key demands and rights Discuss: How do these compare to rights we have today? Work in pairs to analyze the language used
The Sharpeville Massacre (1960)
Peaceful protest against pass laws Police opened fire on unarmed crowd 69 people killed, 180 wounded International condemnation of apartheid
The Turn to Armed Resistance
'We had no alternative to armed and violent resistance' - Nelson Mandela Formation of Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) in 1961 Sabotage campaign against government targets
International Pressure Grows
Sports boycotts isolated South Africa Economic sanctions hurt the economy Cultural boycotts by musicians and artists United Nations condemned apartheid
Internal vs External Pressure
{"left":"Mass protests and strikes\nUnderground resistance movements\nStudent uprisings like Soweto 1976\nCommunity organizations","right":"Economic sanctions\nSports and cultural boycotts\nInternational media attention\nSupport from other countries"}
The Soweto Uprising (1976)
Students protested against Afrikaans language requirement Police violence against young protesters Hector Pieterson became a symbol of resistance Sparked nationwide protests